1 Corinthians 1:28

Authorized King James Version

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And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are:

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὰ things which G3588
τὰ things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 2 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀγενῆ base things G36
ἀγενῆ base things
Strong's: G36
Word #: 3 of 19
properly, without kin, i.e., (of unknown descent, and by implication) ignoble
τὰ things which G3588
τὰ things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κόσμου of the world G2889
κόσμου of the world
Strong's: G2889
Word #: 5 of 19
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 6 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὰ things which G3588
τὰ things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐξουθενημένα things which are despised G1848
ἐξουθενημένα things which are despised
Strong's: G1848
Word #: 8 of 19
to despise
ἐξελέξατο chosen G1586
ἐξελέξατο chosen
Strong's: G1586
Word #: 9 of 19
to select
τὰ things which G3588
τὰ things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θεός God G2316
θεός God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 11 of 19
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 12 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὰ things which G3588
τὰ things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μὴ not G3361
μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 14 of 19
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ὄντα are G5607
ὄντα are
Strong's: G5607
Word #: 15 of 19
being
ἵνα to G2443
ἵνα to
Strong's: G2443
Word #: 16 of 19
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
τὰ things which G3588
τὰ things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 17 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὄντα are G5607
ὄντα are
Strong's: G5607
Word #: 18 of 19
being
καταργήσῃ bring to nought G2673
καταργήσῃ bring to nought
Strong's: G2673
Word #: 19 of 19
to be (render) entirely idle (useless), literally or figuratively

Analysis & Commentary

And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are (kai ta agene tou kosmou kai ta exouthenēmena exelexato ho theos, ta me onta, hina ta onta katargēse, καὶ τὰ ἀγενῆ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τὰ ἐξουθενημένα ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεός, τὰ μὴ ὄντα, ἵνα τὰ ὄντα καταργήσῃ)—Paul intensifies the paradox. God chose base things (agene, ἀγενῆ, "lowborn, ignoble") and things despised (exouthenēmena, ἐξουθενημένα, perfect passive participle: "things having been despised, treated as nothing"). Things which are not (ta me onta, τὰ μὴ ὄντα) means nobodies, non-entities by social reckoning—those who don't count.

God uses these to bring to nought things that are (hina ta onta katargēse, ἵνα τὰ ὄντα καταργήσῃ)—the verb katargeō (καταργέω, "to nullify, abolish, render powerless") means to reduce to zero. God nullifies worldly status, power, and pride by accomplishing His purposes through the despised. The pattern continues: the cross (ultimate shame) defeats sin and Satan (ultimate powers); resurrection (from death/non-being) conquers the grave. God creates ex nihilo (from nothing) and saves through the same principle.

Historical Context

In Greco-Roman society, honor and shame were paramount. Public reputation, social status, and patronage determined one's worth. Christianity turned this upside down: God exalts the humble and humbles the exalted (Luke 1:52). The church's inclusion of slaves, women, and outcasts was scandalous—yet this radical equality testified to the gospel's transforming power.

Questions for Reflection

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